Here are some key characteristics that distinguish specialty coffee:
Arabica Beans: Specialty coffee is often made from Arabica beans, which are known for their superior flavor and aromatic qualities. While Robusta beans are also used in some specialty blends, Arabica is generally preferred.
Bean Quality: Specialty coffee places a strong emphasis on the quality of the coffee beans. This includes factors like altitude, climate, soil, and harvesting methods.
Flavor Profile: Specialty coffees are known for their distinct and complex flavor profiles. Tasting notes can include a variety of flavors such as fruity, floral, chocolatey, nutty, and more.
Processing Methods: The way coffee beans are processed after harvesting plays a crucial role in the specialty coffee designation. High-quality processing methods, such as washed or natural processing, are often preferred.
Roasting: Specialty coffee is typically roasted with great care to bring out the unique flavors of the beans. Light to medium roasts are often favored to preserve the bean's inherent characteristics.
Traceability: Specialty coffee often comes with detailed information about its origin, including the specific region, farm, and even the individual lot. This traceability is valued by coffee enthusiasts who appreciate transparency in the supply chain.
Cupping Scores: Coffees that score 80 points or above on the SCA's 100-point cupping scale are considered specialty grade.
In summary, specialty coffee represents a commitment to quality and an emphasis on the unique characteristics of coffee beans. It has gained popularity as consumers seek a more nuanced and enjoyable coffee experience.
Reference:
https://sca.coffee/research/what-is-specialty-coffee